Autism Spectrum Disorder, or ASD has gone through a significant amount of revisions in its definitions through the years as we continue to deepen our understanding of its neurological underpinnings of individuals with ASD.
The current criteria as determined by the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th Edition (DSM-5) describes ASD as:
Persistent deficits in social communication and social interaction across multiple contexts
- Deficits in socio-emotional reciprocity
- Deficits in nonverbal communicative behaviors used for social interaction
- Deficits in developing, maintaining, and understanding relationships
Restricted, repetitive patterns of behavior, interests, or activities, as manifested by at least two of the following:
- Stereotyped or repetitive motor movements, use of objects, or speech
- Insistence on sameness, inflexible adherence to routines, or ritualized patterns of verbal or nonverbal behaviors
- Highly restricted, fixated interests that are abnormal in intensity or focus
- Hyper- or hyporeactivity to sensory input or unusual interest in sensory aspects of the environment
The person may have trouble going back and forth in conversations, sharing interests or emotions, or starting and responding to social interactions. They might struggle to use or understand non-verbal communication, such as eye contact, facial expressions, or body language. Forming and maintaining relationships can also be difficult, including making friends, playing with others, or feeling interested in peers.
They may also show repetitive behaviors or have very strong, narrow interests. This can include repeating movements or phrases, lining up objects, or using unusual speech patterns. Many autistic individuals prefer strict routines, have a hard time with changes, or think very rigidly. Interests may be extremely intense or focused on specific topics or objects.
Sensory experiences can be different as well. Persons with autism might be overly sensitive or not very sensitive to sounds, textures, pain, temperature, lights, or movement, or they may seek out certain sensory experiences.
These traits usually begin in early childhood, even if they become more noticeable later when social demands increase or if the person has learned ways to hide them.
Research shows that early identification and intervention for children with Autism significantly improves developmental outcomes across different domains including cognition, behavior and social communication. When families become knowledgeable of their child’s specific needs, they are better able to access the appropriate support services, resources, and programs their child needs to thrive.
We understand that receiving a diagnosis of Autism can be overwhelming and uncertain for many families. Family Partners is ready to support you and your little one into developing their full potential.
Source: American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders (5th ed.). https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.books.9780890425787